Solid amine-boranes as high performance hypergolic hybrid rocket fuels

Hypergolic hybrid rockets have the potential of providing systems that are simple, reliable, have high performance, and allow for energy management. Such a propulsion system can be applied to fields that need a single tactical motor with flexible mission requirements of either high speed to target or extended loitering. They also provide the possibility for alternative fast response dynamic altitude control systems if ignition delays are sufficiently short. ^ Amines are the traditional fuel of choice when selecting a hypergolic combination as these tend to react readily with both nitric acid and dinitrogen tertroxide based oxidizers. It has been found that the addition of a borane adduct to an amine fuel tends to reduce the ignition delay by up to an order of magnitude with white fuming nitric acid (WFNA). The borane addition has resulted in fuels with very short ignition delays between 2-10 ms - the fastest times for an amine based fuel reacting with nitric acid based oxidizers. The incorporation of these amine-boranes, specifically ethylenediamine bisborane (EDBB), into various fuel binders has also been found to result in ignition delays between 3-10 ms - the fastest times again for amine based fuels. ^ It was found that the addition of a borane to an amine increased theoretical performance of the amine resulting in high performance fuels. The amine-borane/fuel binder combinations also produced higher theoretical performance values than previously used hypergolic hybrid rockets. Some of the theoretical values are on par or higher than the current toxic liquid hypergolic fuels, making amine boranes an attractive replacement. The higher performing amine-borane/fuel binder combinations also have higher performance values than the traditional rocket fuels, excluding liquid hydrogen. Thus, amine-borane based fuels have the potential to influence various area in the rocket field. ^ An EDBB/ferrocene/epoxy fuel was tested in a hypergolic hybrid with pure nitric acid as the oxidizer. Hypergolic ignition occurred repeatably and with short combustor pressurization times of under 100 ms. The regression rate of the fuel exhibited never before observed high pressure dependence regression rates. The presence of a foam like layer on the fuel surface provides an adequate explanation for the observed combustion behavior with a calculated regression rate that depends on pressure raised to the 2nd power. Extrapolation of this theory indicates that amine-borane based fuels could produce high regression rate fuels

Statistical Teaching Aids

This IQP involved development of a set of interactive online exercises to engage students in self-paced learning about least squares and least absolute deviations regression methods. Development of these graphically-oriented Java and HTML-based exercises was guided by research into student learning and computer instruction. The exercises were validated by student responses to survey questions and to a test of comprehension and have been placed online at http://www.math.wpi.edu/Course_Materials/SAS/lablets/7.3/73_choices.html

The Seventh Annual Humanism in Medicine Last Lecture

2023 Humanism in Medicine Last Lecture, "Discoveries Along the Road Less Traveled", featuring Sheryl A. Pfeil, MD, FACP, AGAF, Medical Director, Clinical Skills Education and Assessment Center; Director, Linda C. Stone, MD, Program for Humanism and the Arts in Medicine; and Professor, Clinical Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, August 24, 2023, The Ohio State University Richard M. Ross Heart Hospital Auditorium, Columbus, Ohio.Dr. Sheryl A. Pfeil is the seventh Last Lecture speaker. Dr. Pfeil is a professor in The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition where she has been a faculty member for the last 30 years. She is a graduate of The Ohio State University College of Medicine and completed her residency and fellowship training at University Hospitals in Cleveland, Ohio. As a gastroenterologist, she has been a dedicated clinician and was inducted into the Mazzaferri Ellison Society of Master Clinicians in 2019. She currently serves on the governing board of the American Gastroenterological Association. Pfeil's passion for teaching has led to many education roles. She serves as the medical director for the Clinical Skills Education and Assessment Center and leads gastroenterology teaching for second year medical students. She received the Distinguished Educator Award from the College of Medicine in 2001, the Master Teacher Award in 2013 and the Lifetime Achievement Award in 2020. She is past president of the board of directors of Alpha Omega Alpha national honor medical society.Courage to Teach BoardThe Linda C. Stone, MD, Program for Humanism and the Arts in MedicineThe Ohio State University College of Medicin

Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination of the Putative Olfactory Structures Possessed by the Phorid Fly, Megaselia halterata (Diptera, Phoridae)

The antennae, palps, and mouth parts sheath of Megaselia halterata (Wood) (Diptera, Phoridae) were examined by scanning electron microscopy to locate putative olfactory sensilla (POS). Most POS were found on the third antenna! segment (Johnston\u27s organ). These POS included a lanceolate peg, a bulbous peg, and two types of pit sensilla. Female flies could be distinguished from males by the predominance of the lanceolate peg on the female Johnston\u27s organ. One type of pit sensillum with a single exterior opening was located below the cuticular surface and housed several pegs. The other type of pit sensillum was domed with a single exterior opening, housed a single peg, and the lower half of this sensillum was embedded into the wall of the Johnston\u27s organ. This type of pit sensillum was also found on the sixth antennal segment of both sexes. A bulbous peg was found on the palps of both sexes. No POS were found on the mouth parts sheath. Specimens were prepared in the traditional manner for scanning electron microscopy examination. Also specimens were embedded in Paraplast and sections of the Johnston\u27s organ clarified the internal structure and distribution of the pit sensilla on this organ

Retinopathy of prematurity – update on screening, treatment, recent studies and long-term outcomes

Retinopathy of prematurity, short ROP, is still one of the leading causes of childhood blindness worldwide. The management of ROP, however, has changed tremendously during the last years. This article summarizes known risk factors for ROP, preventive measures and the updated version of the German recommendations for ROP-screening and treatment. A special focus is laid on new treatment options, in particular anti-VEGF treatment, as well as the post-operative and long-term follow-up after treatment. This article also emphasizes the need for joint data collection on an international level and presents the newly-developed initiative for a European wide data collection (EU-ROP) which will be introduced in 2021. All physicians treating ROP infants are welcome to join the EU-ROP initiative

Understanding home water treatment systems (1995)

"New 7/93, Reprinted 6/95/5M.""Water Quality.""Focus area : drinking water.""Published by University Extension. University of Missouri-Columbia.""Reviewed and adapted for Missouri by Wanda Eubank, Jerry Carpenter, Bev Maltsberger, University of Missouri-Columbia, and Nix Anderson, Missouri Department of Health. From Buying Home Water Treatment Equipment by Adel L. Pfeil, Department of Consumer Sciences and Retailing, Purdue University.

Feasibility Study and Demonstration of an Aluminum and Ice Solid Propellant

Aluminum-water reactions have been proposed and studied for several decades for underwater propulsion systems and applications requiring hydrogen generation. Aluminum and water have also been proposed as a frozen propellant, and there have been proposals for other refrigerated propellants that could be mixed, frozen in situ, and used as solid propellants. However, little work has been done to determine the feasibility of these concepts. With the recent availability of nanoscale aluminum, a simple binary formulation with water is now feasible. Nanosized aluminum has a lower ignition temperature than micronsized aluminum particles, partly due to its high surface area, and burning times are much faster than micron aluminum. Frozen nanoscale aluminum and water mixtures are stable, as well as insensitive to electrostatic discharge, impact, and shock. Here we report a study of the feasibility of an nAl-ice propellant in small-scale rocket experiments. The focus here is not to develop an optimized propellant; however improved formulations are possible. Several static motor experiments have been conducted, including using a flight-weight casing. The flight weight casing was used in the first sounding rocket test of an aluminum-ice propellant, establishing a proof of concept for simple propellant mixtures making use of nanoscale particles

Overview of the Nordic Seas CARINA data and salinity measurements

Water column data of carbon and carbon relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged into a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). The data have been subject to rigorous quality control (QC) in order to ensure highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the parameters included were examined in order to quantify systematic biases in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Significant biases have been corrected for in the data products, i.e. the three merged files with measured, calculated and interpolated values for each of the three CARINA regions; the Arctic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), the Atlantic (ATL) and the Southern Ocean (SO). With the adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP (Key et al., 2004) and is suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation. The Arctic Mediterranean Seas include the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas, and the quality control was carried out separately in these two areas. This contribution provides an overview of the CARINA data from the Nordic Seas and summarises the findings of the QC of the salinity data. One cruise had salinity data that were of questionable quality, and these have been removed from the data product. An evaluation of the consistency of the quality controlled salinity data suggests that they are consistent to at least ±0.005

Facilitated Peptide Transport via the Mucosal Epithelium

A hallmark of autoimmunity is the breakdown of tolerance and generation of effector responses against self-antigens. Re-establishment of tolerance in autoimmune disorders was always the most desired treatment option; however, despite many efforts, clinical trials have been largely unsuccessful. This also applies to the generation of oral tolerance, which seems to be a default response type of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues to harmless antigens. In this study, we report improved efficacy of oral tolerance induction by coupling antigen with the newly identified mucosal carrier peptide 13C. Antigen coupled to 13C is efficiently taken up in the gastrointestinal tract and could be visualized in cells of the lamina propria. Oral, rectal, or nasal treatment effectively induced the proliferation of antigen-specific T cells with some increase in the frequency of regulatory T cells. In a model of delayed-type hypersensitivity, especially intrarectal tolerization treatment resulted in reduced footpad swelling, demonstrating a moderate tolerogenic effect of mucosal treatment with 13C coupled antigen. Coupling of antigens to a transmucosal carrier, therefore, is a promising tool to improve the efficacy of vaccination via mucosal surfaces